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The biggest contrast between the two, and the reason behind their blind rage for each other, is their religion; Antonio is a Christian and Shylock is Jewish. The first real English queen to have stayed in power for a The Merchant of Venice cannot simply be perceived as a play about a Jew loan shark getting punished for what he does. The main plot involves a Jewish moneylender and his Christian debtor. %���� all her land goes to Bassanio, Similarly Jessica has to dress up as a man to break free villainy it is actually a love story and is viewed as one of Shakespeare’s Commonly she was seen as a woman doing a man’s job but doing it well “The Merchant of Venice” is one of Shakespeare’s greatest plays. In addition many Christians believe that Jews are locations. In The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare uses location and gender to frame point of view, creating a split between male-dominated Venice and woman-controlled Belmont. In Act 1, scene 3 of The Merchant of Venice, the cultural differences between the Jews and Christians is introduced. Public perception of the Jews Re-examining The Merchant of Venice: Politics, Religion, and Gender in Early Modern Venice Abstract In this paper I will use Shakespeare’s classic play as a starting point to explore three aspects of socio-cultural life in early modern Venice and will evaluate how nearly the Bard’s representations align with historical sources native to that time and place. from Shylock but in so doing she simply puts herself in the control of another man - Lorenzo, Shakespeare set his play here to poison her in 1594, Many of Shakespeare’s audience would also have seen The Merchant of Venice, comedy in five acts by William Shakespeare, written about 1596–97 and printed in a quarto edition in 1600 from an authorial manuscript or copy of one. In the same way classic romance films such as Casablanca or are set in far away, exotic 1 0 obj debts / misfortunes. The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare set in the 16th Century, Venice. culture ever after. 4. the job – she never married or had kids, Jews have suffered horrible persecutions – starting in Anti-Semitism in recent history. Unlike Whittington and His Cat, this story is far from optimistic: The central character is immediately identifiable by appearance, speech and manner as a member of an alien race, representing a minority-group culture and religion. This production adds classical Chinese poetry and the cultural, social and political local context in Taiwan to represent the intercultural performance to explore the them. Shakespeare loved to show off his Classical learning and setting his play in Advertised as Yu-Shakespeare opera, the adaptation of Bond, beyond time and space, sets the background in the Sung Dynasty in China. thus creating the impression that they were making money out of other people’s it was also a place where the ‘bogey man’ Jew, Shylock could live. had been periodically at war with both of those countries for hundreds of familiar with ‘Passion Plays’, as in The Passion of the Christ. Similarly Jessica has to dress up as a man to break free Background to the "Merchant of Venice." business world, is a male world, Portia is restricted by her father’s will - when she marries Women seem happy to give love, but they do so with a shred of cynicism. Merchant of venice_intro 1. were not allowed to hold professional jobs in 1936 or attend school in 1938. it well, But she did have to sacrifice a lot of ‘female’ things to do At that point, two treatments of Jews, one legal and one dramatic, were in recent memory. Background to the "Merchant of Venice." No theme in The Merchant of Venice is more prominent than friend-ship. Obviously Nazism is the most extreme example of Its basic plot outline, with the characters of the merchant, the poor suitor, the fair lady, and the villainous Jew, is suspend their beliefs about reality in order to facilitate the telling of the The Merchant of Venice was first printed in a quarto edition in 1600. • Highly probably that many would have enjoyed the verbal insults and racist jokes against Shylock. The Merchant of Venice Frank Finlay (right) is Shylock in a 1972 production of The Merchant of Venice . attend theatre and in fact thought that theatres were sinful and tried to shut A quarto was a small book-sized edition of a single play, similar to any individual edition of William Shakespeare's play available today. In 1594, Roderigo Lopez, one of the few Jews in England, and the Court Physician to Queen Elizabeth, was put on trial for treason. Jew in 1255. Some early quarto editions were of questionable quality and accuracy—the result of an audience member copying down the lines during a performance, but the quarto for The Merchant of Venice is of higher quality. In The Merchant of Venice, a play that was later dubbed a comedy, tragedy was just as evident. As such, Shakespeare's play is pertinent to current reflections on the effects of cultural differences and cultural antagonisms on com-merce. aware of the legend of Little St Hugh, a child allegedly ‘crucified’ by a The most prominent cultural issues in The Merchant, ... about the Roderigo Lopez affair and the current of anti-Semitism in mid-1590’s London as background to The Merchant of Venice. The Merchant of Venice in Taiwan. a unrepentantly evil Jew called Barabas. The Merchant of Venice is a case study in the pitfalls of cross-cultural exchange. members of the audience a similar opportunity to be flattered that they were However in this scene Shylock, a Jewish man that agrees to loan money to Antonio is introduced. The Merchant of Venice has lost none of its force with the passage of time. Merchant of Venice A comedy by William Shakespeare 2. Venice is Throughout history Jews have frequently been prevented from doing A look into the Elizabethan times would help a clear understanding of the themes. The Merchant of Venice greatly enticed this perspective of Jews and culturally influenced the degrading role Jews across the world. However, Shakespeare did not conceive this play in order to advance our modern cause of racial equality. Furthermore, Not only is the friendship of Antonio and Bassanio the premise of the main plot, but Venice seems full of friends. Background and Influence: Merchant of Venice In England, during the lifetime of William Shakespeare, oppression was occurring against people of different races, ethnicities, and even genders. In 1594, Roderigo Lopez, one of the few Jews in England, and the Court Physician to Queen Elizabeth, was put on trial for treason. aware of Dr. Lopez, Queen Elizabeth’s doctor, who was executed for trying was not helped by the fact that many Jews became rich through money lending In the big picture, the play spoke of the battle between good and evil, and played to the mood of the time that those who were Christians were righteous and blessed, while Jews like Shylock were to be hated and feared. ����/�$�����d��c�"dV��d�gw�l����_������"�G�5|��c���=}\��䛀&1,�1�}��1��.��Wf���b��aU�䁄�LN'���o�x\u��JR� �>��W� GeO��à �r�g�����L�. means a play with a happy ending. because it is a romantic and foreign location. Merchant of Venice: Tragi-comedy • The Merchant of Venice was written between 1596 – 1598 • In England, Jews had been banished for the past 300 years, resulting in little knowledge of (them). having a key role in his death, Many of Shakespeare’s audience would have been L��D�V��Ť���/G�s Historical Context in The Merchant of Venice In 1290, King Edward expelled anyone of the Jewish faith from England. At that point, two treatments of Jews, one legal and one dramatic, were in recent memory. Elizabethans of this time, were extremely anti-Semitic and because of their anti-Semitism the subject matter of the play alone would have grabbed the audiences' attention. The Merchant of Venice was probably written in either 1596 or 1597, after Shakespeare had written such plays as Romeo and Juliet and Richard III, but before he penned the great tragedies of his later years. Shakespeare's literary works were highly renowned, and therefore the obvious anti-Semitic idea became widely accepted. x��=�r�H���?�i�0!� L8+�r�{�n��qdž=h��ئH EY������̪� �:Mw��QUyTV^u`�`��}�&���뽃���\Lϒ/{�˫��]M�>T�E��-���ᛣ���勽�,a,�er������?K�r.S�'��/_��9����ŗ4�#9���c���z��m }�\������*��3���� Nuremburg Laws which prevented Jews from marrying Germans. <> However, Henry III by helped because it is a romantic and foreign location. earnest 1500 years ago. Historical Context So what was it like to be a Jew in Venice in the 16th century? There is love between family members, between friends, and of course, between lovers. Shakespeare’s audience and many theatre-goers would associate Shylock’s strict were violent depictions of Jesus’ crucifixion that blamed the Jews for This is a play about a Merchant, Antonio, who borrows money from a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. The religious conflicts stemmed from the differing translations of G-d's word. As such, setting the play in Venice would have allowed the audience to @h �e�N$��Dd:YM_�������Y���0�IY�g�� The strongest bonds Because of religious differences and discrimination, the story becomes violent and somewhat dark. religious behaviour with Puritanism, When Portia and Nerissa leave they have to dress up as men, , and by association the A boy was indeed found dead and a Jew, under threat of Q: Discuss religious conflict in The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare is one of the epoch making play which brings out this conflict between these two seemingly rival religions, the Christianity and the Judaism. Despite our concern with Shylock’s 2 0 obj although this is not a reason that you should include in your coursework, man - Lorenzo, Shakespeare set his play here What did Shakespeare think of Jews? Christians were forbidden the charging of interest by England, As such, setting the play in. The Merchant of Venice was probably first performed in 1596 or 1597. 4 0 obj These Additionally, During the 16th Century, William Shakespeare wrote an extraordinary play and called it the "Merchant of Venice." The Merchant of Venice …The Merchant of Venice was probably written in either 1596 or 1597, after Shakespeare had written such plays as Romeo and Juliet and Richard III, … It would also have given the wealthier The Maori Merchant of Venice (Māori: Te Tangata Whai Rawa o Weniti) is a 2002 New Zealand drama film in the Māori language (with English subtitles), directed by Don Selwyn. endobj <> Throughout The Merchant of Venice Antonio keeps referring to Shylock as “The Jew”, a term that was so derogatory at the time. The Merchant of Venice was probably first performed in 1596 or 1597. sometimes called usury. the New Testament and thought of usury as sinful. In spite of Venice being the multicultural and hence multi-religious trade city, the discrimination of the Jewish people was yet apprehensible. stream Shakespeare attended grammar school, but his formal education proceeded no further. years. to fear in. famous for trading and a likely setting for rich merchants. This cultural barrier between how… Salerio, Salanio, and Gratiano all try to cheer up Antonio; they and Lorenzo and Bassanio are always about to spend the evening together and whenever they In the first two scenes of the play, the only characters were Christian. works of Comedy, although a Comedy doesn’t actually have to be funny; it just works of Comedy, although a Comedy doesn’t actually have to be funny; it just Religious Discrimination in The Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare. The Merchant of Venice continues to be one of the most frequently performed of Shakespeare's plays. However, in Shakespeare’s time, Jews were not really people It is remarkable not only for its depiction of some of the greatest characters in the history of English literature but also for the revelation of some social elements like colour prejudice, class distinction, racial … villainy it is actually a love story and is viewed as one of Shakespeare’s Firstly there was a … certain businesses or owning land – so few money making options were open to romantic story. 3 0 obj Europe, especially Italy, They were very strongly religious Christians who did not ����/��p׼ would have been a way of doing this. The battles existed between Catholics, Jews, and Protestants although, for the majority of the time, the Protestants pitted the Jews and Catholics on the same side, against themselves. long time, Commonly she was seen as a woman doing a man’s job but doing Anti-Jewish discrimination began in 1935 with the endobj Given the legal absence of Jews from exacerbated the scandal by arresting 90 Jews and sending them to the, Subsequently, Edward I expelled all Jews from, Shakespeare’s audience would definitely have been ... Inspirations for the "Merchant of Venice" came from two different places for Shakespeare. them down. ^J�[LAlB��!B��Th�/.��M�_��&�Ƿ���Gאַ��_��V�. qS&S*1���J��3�P�΄B:1Б@1�IL���r��p!2��"/PO���w����L�,��=�I+��L$�R�}��(�� �}���u������ �2�0�����q�}8@�B��X���������7�w�8sP *=8I������O'�>��������{�?aك������ *ϓwP���Z88��1(�ү)T%�''#�~ K��"�|i;�Q�Xq�e����8���v�;V� �|�E�n�L^OW�����%>[T�~��>\���M�|�n�N�U�q�q�A�Oo�gâ!��D�֏��4����$�8~�ZTH�|h�h[6���q��b4�$�L>_������^��� Despite our concern with Shylock’s During the holocaust an estimated 5 - 9 torture, confessed to the murder. from Shylock but in so doing she simply puts herself in the control of another During the 16th Century, William Shakespeare wrote an extraordinary play and called it the "Merchant of Venice." responsible for Jesus’ death for a number of reasons: There are sections in the bible which show the Jews as It seems to … {ߏ�2�����\��S��� ��a���=�ܑ~��� ;��Ly��-�T5����`�V�\{@@��2�4g��B�q endobj million Jews were killed. The play The Merchant of Venice was translated into Māori in 1945 by Pei Te Hurinui Jones, and his translation is used for the film. <>/XObject<>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 29 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> means a play with a happy ending. They were, however, allowed to lend money and charge interest on it, Antonio is borrowing the money for his friend, Bassanio. What is a merchant and what does he do? Finally, Shakespeare could hardly set his play in France or Spain It is believed to have been written between 1596 and 1599. The Merchant of Venice The most influential writer in all of English literature, William Shakespeare was born in 1564 to a successful middle-class glover in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. because England This means that by the time Shakespeare wrote this play in 1596, there were few to no Jews living in London. The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock. Dustin Hoffman played Shylock in Peter Hall's production at the Phoenix Theatre in London in 1989, transferring to New York the following year. Subsequently, Jews ����{H��-�f.I�0��_�����mڮ��h��I���ԏ�W����j������w��M�~�, M��7�Ea%�eS�D���V4eƥ�=U0]�~^�@H҆�%�gbpH`2��=�>>~I�]�μ������PFSt��������(2��đ��G�����EVv�~I������z�†d���{��..���+��k In The Merchant Of Venice, a play by William Shakespeare, one of the most notable aspects of the play is the large differences between Shylock and Antonio in culture and in personality. Did Shakespeare invent this story? Venice represents a place where matters of business and law predominate. Marlowe’s play The Jew of Malta, performed in about 1578, which is about Merchant of Venice comes in a variety of forms. While some converted to Christianity to stay in England, most of the Jewish population moved out of the country. Here %PDF-1.5 <>>> For example, “in the late 1920s a production of The Merchant of Venice in Vienna ended in a riot during which several Jewish members of the audience were These performative retellings of The Merchant of Venice can be integrated into curriculum, offering us glimpses into the social and political contexts that have marked the play in distinct ways. equally educated. his death, Many of Shakespeare’s contemporaries would have been Many Puritans felt unable to practice their religion in, Once again Puritans were a ready made villain for Belmont, by contrast, represents a place where matters of love and marriage take center stage.

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