geschichte der lmu

EU Länder EFTA Länder ; Belgien Bulgarien Dänemark Deutschland Estland Finnland Frankreich Griechenland Holland Italien Irland Kroatien Lettland Litauen: Luxemburg Malta Österreich Polen Portugal Rumänien Schweden Slowakei Slowenien Spanien Tschechien Ungarn Zypern: Fürstentum Liechtenstein Island Norwegen Schweiz . Die Eurozone besteht aus 19 EU-Staaten und wird deswegen als Euro-19 bezeichnet. After much discussion, the most concrete result was the EU Battlegroups initiative, each of which is planned to be able to deploy quickly about 1500 personnel. When European countries started to cooperate economically in 1951, only Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands participated. Demographic transition to a society of aging population, low fertility-rates and depopulation of non-metropolitan regions is tackled within this policies. Länder: Zwergstaaten: Anzahl: Spielmodus: Kartendetails: Anmerkung: Europa Nach Definition Strahlenbergs. [103], A total of twenty official languages of the EU belong to the Indo-European language family, represented by the Balto-Slavic,[i] the Italic,[j] the Germanic,[k] the Hellenic,[l] and the Celtic[m] branches. [153], The EU had an agreed budget of €120.7 billion for the year 2007 and €864.3 billion for the period 2007–2013,[155] representing 1.10% and 1.05% of the EU-27's GNI forecast for the respective periods. [292] A directive on cross-border healthcare aims at promoting co-operation on health care between member states and facilitating access to safe and high-quality cross-border healthcare for European patients. In 2020, the first ever European Union Strategy on LGBTIQ equality was approved under Helena Dalli mandate.[271]. A European Union trade mark is valid in all European Union Member States. The Article 17 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union[111] recognises the "status under national law of churches and religious associations" as well as that of "philosophical and non-confessional organisations". Als eigenständiger Staat wäre es größer als Deutschland und läge weltweit an 59. [49] In a radio address in March 1943, with war still raging, Britain's leader Sir Winston Churchill spoke warmly of "restoring the true greatness of Europe" once victory had been achieved, and mused on the post-war creation of a "Council of Europe" which would bring the European nations together to build peace. [215] The 'geographic' instruments provide aid through the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI, €16.9 billion, 2007–2013), which must spend 95% of its budget on official development assistance (ODA), and from the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI), which contains some relevant programmes. [158] The Court also gives opinions and proposals on financial legislation and anti-fraud actions. Since then, the eurozone has increased to encompass 19 countries. On 26 February 2016 it was made public that Cyprus has asked to make Turkish an official EU language, in a "gesture" that could help solve the division of the country. The legal basis for EU environmental policy was established with the introduction of the Single European Act in 1987. These first established the European Community and the EU, and then made amendments to those founding treaties. Tasks for the President of the European Council are ensuring the external representation of the EU,[143] driving consensus and resolving divergences among member states, both during meetings of the European Council and over the periods between them. [302], Association football is by far the most popular sport in the European Union by the number of registered players. In the Elections to the European Parliament in 2019, the green parties increased their power, possibly because of the rise of post materialist values. The Court of Auditors is legally obliged to provide the Parliament and the council (specifically, the Economic and Financial Affairs Council) with "a statement of assurance as to the reliability of the accounts and the legality and regularity of the underlying transactions". Startseite ; Über die EU . Its members have a combined area of 4,233,255.3 km (1,634,469.0 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 447 million. [228], The European Union has concluded free trade agreements (FTAs)[229] and other agreements with a trade component with many countries worldwide and is negotiating with many others. [127] The lowest points in the EU are Lammefjorden, Denmark and Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands, at 7 m (23 ft) below sea level. pp. The United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. [246] The ECB is the central bank for the eurozone, and thus controls monetary policy in that area with an agenda to maintain price stability. Other key global agreements are the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations, 2015). [45], During the interwar period, the consciousness that national markets in Europe were interdependent though confrontational, along with the observation of a larger and growing US market on the other side of the ocean, nourished the urge for the economic integration of the continent. Once an applicant country meets the conditions for membership, it must implement EU rules and regulations in all areas. It has been described by some as the Union's "supreme political authority". You can use your national, regional or EU trade mark application to expand your protection internationally, to any country that is a … International recognition of sustainable development as a key element is growing steadily. Catholics are the largest Christian group, accounting for 45.3% of the EU population, while Protestants make up 11.1%, Eastern Orthodox make up 9.6%, and other Christians make up 5.6%. The Frankish Empire has had a symbolic relevance for the building of Europe since the 20th century: EU citizens able to hold a conversation in this language, See Articles 165 and 166 (ex Articles 149 and 150) of the, This figure includes the extra-European territories of member states which are part of the European Union, and excludes the European territories of member states which are not part of the Union. [247], The European System of Financial Supervision is an institutional architecture of the EU's framework of financial supervision composed by three authorities: the European Banking Authority, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority. Constitutionally, the EU bears some resemblance to both a confederation and a federation,[136][137] but has not formally defined itself as either. [ad], The Competition Commissioner, Margrethe Vestager, is one of the most powerful positions in the commission, notable for the ability to affect the commercial interests of trans-national corporations. The number of stars is invariably twelve, the figure twelve being the symbol of perfection and entirety. [240], Two of the original core objectives of the European Economic Community were the development of a common market, subsequently becoming a single market, and a customs union between its member states. The eurozone (constituted by the EU member states which have adopted the euro) has since grown to 19 countries. [60][61] Jean Rey presided over the first merged Commission (Rey Commission). [u] The Lisbon Treaty and Protocol 14 to the ECHR have changed this: the former binds the EU to accede to the convention while the latter formally permits it. Across the EU, belief was higher among women, older people, those with religious upbringing, those who left school at 15 or 16, and those "positioning themselves on the right of the political scale". The United Kingdom became the first member state to leave the EU[19] on 31 January 2020. Die EU-Mitgliedstaaten haben bis zum Brexit stetig Zuwachs bekommen. The European Commission working sectors are: Aeronautics, automotive, biotechnology, chemicals, construction, cosmetics, defense, electronics, firearms, food and drink, gambling, healthcare, maritime, mechanics, medical, postal, raw materials, space, textile, tourism, toys and Social economy (Societas cooperativa Europaea). It aims to detect and stop illegal immigration, human trafficking and terrorist infiltration. Regulations become law in all member states the moment they come into force, without the requirement for any implementing measures,[v] and automatically override conflicting domestic provisions. [269] A European Directive about Minimum Wage has also been discussed[270]. [212] Frontex is an agency of the EU established to manage the cooperation between national border guards securing its external borders. Irland seit 1973 10. [262], The policy's price controls and market interventions led to considerable overproduction. [206], Since the withdrawal of the United Kingdom, France is the only member officially recognised as a nuclear weapon state and the sole holder of a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. The euro (€) is the official currency of 19 out of 27 EU countries. Evaluation of a country's fulfilment of the criteria is the responsibility of the European Council. Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds are supporting the development of underdeveloped regions of the EU. ein "De facto" unabhängiger Staat (Republik Kosovo). [18] The EU traces its origins to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC), established, respectively, by the 1951 Treaty of Paris and 1957 Treaty of Rome. [252], The EU has five key points in its energy policy: increase competition in the internal market, encourage investment and boost interconnections between electricity grids; diversify energy resources with better systems to respond to a crisis; establish a new treaty framework for energy co-operation with Russia while improving relations with energy-rich states in Central Asia[253] and North Africa; use existing energy supplies more efficiently while increasing renewable energy commercialisation; and finally increase funding for new energy technologies. To complement this framework, there is also a European Systemic Risk Board under the responsibility of the ECB. That a particular policy area falls into a certain category of competence is not necessarily indicative of what legislative procedure is used for enacting legislation within that policy area. De är markerade med en asterisk (*) och endast deras europeiska område är medräknat. Europäische Union: Länder - Erdkunde-Quiz Belgien, Bulgarien, Dänemark, Deutschland, Estland, Finnland, Frankreich, Griechenland, Irland, Italien, Kroatien, Lettland, Litauen, Luxemburg, Malta, Niederlande, Österreich, Polen, Portugal, Rumänien, Schweden, Slowakei, Slowenien, Spanien, Tschechien, Ungarn, Zypern (27) Eigenes Quiz erstellen [1] Als Eurozone (amtlich auch Euro-Währungsgebiet oder Euroraum) wird die Gruppe der EU-Staaten bezeichnet, die den Euro als offizielle Währung besitzen. Agriculture expenditure will move away from subsidy payments linked to specific produce, toward direct payments based on farm size. Against the blue sky of the Western world, the stars symbolise the peoples of Europe in a form of a circle, the sign of union. EPC was renamed as the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) by the Maastricht Treaty. [citation needed] For example, in 2001 the commission for the first time prevented a merger between two companies based in the United States (GE and Honeywell) which had already been approved by their national authority. Die Europäische Union (EU) ist ein Staatenverbund aus 27 europäischen Ländern. Schweden seit 1995 22. [283], Basic education is an area where the EU's role is limited to supporting national governments. Two of the non-EU members – Iceland and Norway – are part of the Nordic Passport Union and are officially classified as 'states associated with the Schengen activities of the EU'. [48] His ideas influenced his contemporaries, among which then Prime Minister of France Aristide Briand. The Dollar As Leading Reserve Currency", "There Are Only Two Real Threats To The US Dollar's Status As The International Reserve Currency", "Euro area unemployment rate at 10.3%, EU28 at 8.9%", "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 31% to 626% of the EU average in 2017", "Living and working in the Single Market", "Almunia says 'undesirable' to act on Sweden's euro refusal", "Europe seals deal on financial supervision", "The European Power Sector in 2020 / Up-to-Date Analysis on the Electricity Transition", "Energy consumption and production: EU27 energy dependence rate at 54% in 2006: Energy consumption stable", "Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes", "Ukraine-Russia gas dispute – call for stronger EU energy policy", "The trans-European transport network: new guidelines and financial rules", "EUR 650 million for the Polish Road Network", "Jacques Barrot Home Page, Commission vice president for transport", "Agriculture: Meeting the needs of farmers and consumers", "Sugar: Commission proposes more market-, consumer- and trade-friendly regime", "The Commission prohibits GE's acquisition of Honeywell", "Microsoft caves in to European Commission", "Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table", "Así es el seguro europeo contra el paro que propone el futuro comisario de Empleo de la UE – elEconomista.es", "Proposed EU directive on minimum wage brews controversy from all sides", "Union of Equality: The Commission presents its first-ever strategy on LGBTIQ equality in the EU", "Chapter 2: The European Union Structural and Cohesion Funds", "Populists, greens and the new map of European politics", "EU summit deadlock over top jobs and climate discord", "The Erasmus programme celebrates its 20th anniversary", "About the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency", "2019 Human Development Index Ranking | Human Development Reports", "In Europe, life expectancy is lower in the east", "Life expectancy: Are you in one of the top 5 regions? [169], Under the principle of supremacy, national courts are required to enforce the treaties that their member states have ratified, and thus the laws enacted under them, even if doing so requires them to ignore conflicting national law, and (within limits) even constitutional provisions. [237] In 2016, unemployment in the EU stood at 8.9%[238] while inflation was at 2.2%, and the account balance at −0.9% of GDP. In particular, it changed the legal structure of the European Union, merging the EU three pillars system into a single legal entity provisioned with a legal personality, created a permanent President of the European Council, the first of which was Herman Van Rompuy, and strengthened the position of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. [233] The euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar.[234][235][236]. [201] The demand of Swiss People's Party (SPP) was, however, turned down, as the voters rejected SPP's demand for taking back immigration control. [22] Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the union has developed a role in external relations and defence. EU member states own the estimated second largest after the United States (US$105 trillion) net wealth in the world, equal to around 20% (~€60 trillion) of the US$360 trillion (~€300 trillion)[231] global wealth. Pan-European political thought truly emerged during the 19th century, inspired by the liberal ideas of the French and American Revolutions after the demise of Napoléon's Empire (1804–1815). [245][aa], The euro, and the monetary policies of those who have adopted it in agreement with the EU, are under the control of the European Central Bank (ECB). It consolidates many rights which were previously recognised by the Court of Justice and derived from the "constitutional traditions common to the member states. [272][273] Several funds provide emergency aid, support for candidate members to transform their country to conform to the EU's standard (Phare, ISPA, and SAPARD), and support to the Commonwealth of Independent States (TACIS). Centre for European Policy Studies. The EU has long sought to mitigate the effects of free markets by protecting workers rights and preventing social and environmental dumping. In some policies, there are several member states that ally with strategic partners within the Union. Laws made by the EU institutions are passed in a variety of forms. Detta är en lista över Europas länder i storleksordning.Europas totala geografiska område är cirka 10,2 miljoner km². After the President, the most prominent Commissioner is the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who is ex-officio a Vice-President of the Commission and is also chosen by the European Council. The developing European transport policies will increase the pressure on the environment in many regions by the increased transport network. (German version pictured), A European driving licence card (Croatian version pictured), A European passport, displaying the name of the member state, the national arms and the words "European Union" given in their official language(s). 65,993 km (41,006 mi) coastline dominates the European climate (Natural Park of Penyal d'Ifac, Spain), Mont Blanc in the Alps is the highest peak in the EU, The Danube (pictured in Budapest), is the longest river in the European Union, Repovesi National Park in Finland, where there are some 187,888 lakes larger than 500 square metres (5,382 sq ft), Nuorgam, a village in the Utsjoki municipality, is the northernmost point of the European Union, Including the overseas territories of France which are located outside the continent of Europe, but which are members of the union, the EU experiences most types of climate from Arctic (north-east Europe) to tropical (French Guiana), rendering meteorological averages for the EU as a whole meaningless. A European unemployment insurance has been proposed among others by the commissioner of Jobs Nicolas Schmit. Routledge. Die Paneuropa-Union tritt im Sinne des europäischen Föderalismus für ein politisch und wirtschaftlich geeintes, demokratisches und friedliches Europa auf Grundlage des christlich-abendländischen Wertefundaments ein. The unanimity and difficult issues treated under the CFSP sometimes lead to disagreements, such as those which occurred over the war in Iraq. It is more integrated than a traditional confederation of states because the general level of government widely employs qualified majority voting in some decision-making among the member states, rather than relying exclusively on unanimity. [134] Generally speaking, they can be classified into two groups: those which come into force without the necessity for national implementation measures (regulations) and those which specifically require national implementation measures (directives).[135]. [129], The EU's population is highly urbanised, with some 75% of inhabitants living in urban areas as of 2006. It acts externally as a "collective head of state" and ratifies important documents (for example, international agreements and treaties).[142]. [x] In more recent years, these have been supplemented by powers to legislate against discrimination based on race, religion, disability, age, and sexual orientation. The European Council gives political direction to the EU. [275], Initially, EU environmental policy focused on Europe. Zuletzt übernahm Litauen am 1. These countries, primarily developing countries, include some who seek to one day become either a member state of the European Union, or more closely integrated with the European Union. [157] "Administration" accounts for around 6%. According to P.C. While both can legislate, member states can only legislate to the extent to which the EU has not. [195], The coordinator and representative of the CFSP within the EU is the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy who speaks on behalf of the EU in foreign policy and defence matters, and has the task of articulating the positions expressed by the member states on these fields of policy into a common alignment. Countries accede to the union by becoming party to the founding treaties, thereby subjecting themselves to the privileges and obligations of EU membership. [115] The other world religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism are also represented in the EU population. [274] [179], On 19 October 2020, the European Union revealed new plans to create a legal structure to act against human rights violations worldwide. [261] The policy has the objectives of increasing agricultural production, providing certainty in food supplies, ensuring a high quality of life for farmers, stabilising markets, and ensuring reasonable prices for consumers. Heritage and shared histories in the European Union", "Ein britischer Patriot für Europa: Winston Churchills Europa-Rede, Universität Zürich, 19. The main legal acts of the EU come in three forms: regulations, directives, and decisions. [157] The "EU as a global partner" and "citizenship, freedom, security and justice" bring up the rear with approximately 6% and 1% respectively.[157]. [116] The most religious countries were Malta (95%, predominantly Catholic) as well as Cyprus and Romania (both predominantly Orthodox) each with about 90% of citizens professing a belief in their respective god. [280], Proposals to reach a zero carbon economy in the European Union by 2050 were suggested in 2018 – 2019. [148] The other 26 Commissioners are subsequently appointed by the Council of the European Union in agreement with the nominated President. [90], The EU also has numerous polycentric urbanised regions like Rhine-Ruhr (Cologne, Dortmund, Düsseldorf et al. Die Paneuropa-Union (alternative Schreibweise Paneuropaunion) wurde 1922 gegründet und ist damit die älteste noch bestehende europäische Einigungsbewegung. [226][227] Internal trade between the member states is aided by the removal of barriers to trade such as tariffs and border controls. It provides support for the development, promotion and distribution of European works within Europe and beyond. This international dimension is reflected in the EU's Sixth Environmental Action Programme,[277] which recognises that its objectives can only be achieved if key international agreements are actively supported and properly implemented both at EU level and worldwide.

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